Ampelomyces quisqualis Ces. Ex Schlecht., A Hyperparasite of the
Asparagus Bean Powdery Mildew Pathogen Erysiphe
Polygoni in Taiwan
Jwu-Guh Tsay and Bor-Kai Tung
Tsay, J. G., and Tung, B. K. 1991. Ampelomyces quisqualis Cex. ex
Schlecht., a hyperparasite of the asparagus bean powdery mildew pathogen
Erysiphe polygoni in Taiwan. Trans. mycol. Soc. R.O.C. 6(2):55-58.
[Key words] Erysiphe polygoni DC., Ampelomyces quisqualis
Ces. ex Schlecht.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Department of Plant Protection, National Chia-Yi, Institute of
Agriculture,
Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C.
瓣ミ古竡笰穨盡厩从玂臔, 古竡カ, 籓芖, い地チ瓣
Ampelomyces
quisqualis Ces. ex
Schlecht.(syn. Cicinnobolus cesatii de Bary) was a well known parasite
of powdery mildews widely distributed throughout the world(5). The hyphae of A.
quisqualis grow through the mycelium of the host fungus and inhibit
conidial production and cleistothecial development(3). A. quisqualis
was not host specific and some strains of it were slightly pathogenic to
cucumber(1). These hyperparasitic fungi were classified in genus Cicinnobolus
until 1959(1). Early taxonomy and occurrences of Ampelomyces were
reviewed by Emmons(2). These species of Cicinnobolus have been
recognized mainly according to the different species of Erysiphales on which
they occur.
Cicinnobolus
nicotiana Saw. was
reported in Taiwan in 1933 by Sawada on the powdery mildew (Erysiphe nicotiana
Saw.) on Nicotiana longiflora collected from Kanagawa, Japan(4).
However, no any species of Ampelomyces has been recorded from Taiwan
previously. In May of 1990, A. quisqualis, a hyperparasite of the
asparagus bean(Vigna sesquipedalis L.) powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe
polygoni DC. was collected at Shikoou and Chiayi, Taiwan(Table 1). Mycelium
of A. quisqualis was superficial or immersed, hyaline, branched,
septate. Conidiomata were pycnidial 40 - 90m long X 30 - 60m
wide, in the hyphae of E. polygoni, separate, globose or
elongated to pyriform, unilocular, wall 1-celled thick, of pale brown angular
textured(Fig. 1). No distinct ostiole was present and dehisced by apical
rupture of pycnidium. Conidiophores were absent. Conidia were 5 - 10 X 2.5 -
3.8m, very pale brown, aseptate, thin-walled, smooth,
guttulate, straight or curved, cyclindrical to fusiform. Cultures of A. quisqualis
were isolated from Erysiphe polygoni on asparagus bean. At 25
and 12-hr cycle of fluorescent illumination, single-spore culture grew slowly
on patato-dextrose agar but sporulated profusely(Fig. 2).
LITERATURE CITED
1.Cook, R. J., and Baker, K. F. 1983. The nature and practice of
biological control of plant pathogens. pp.318. APS, Minnesota, 539p.
2.Emmons, C. W. 1930. Cicinnobolus cesatii, a study in host
parasite relationships. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 57: 421 - 441.
3.Rogers, D. P. 1959. On Cicinnobolus. Mycologia 51: 96 - 98.
4.Sawada, K. 1933. Cicinnobolus nicotiana Saw. n. sp. Descriptive
Catalogue of Formosan Fungi 6: 71.(in Japanese)
5.Sutton, B. C. 1980. The coelomycetes fungi, imperfecti with pycnidia, acervuli
and stromata. pp. 368 - 369. CMI, Kew, Surrey, 696p.
籓芖愚ěフ痜颠贺禬盚ネ颠
讲λ㏕ 担秨
[篕璶]籓芖, 愚ěフ痜颠フ盚ネ颠1990 5る匪古竡愚ě腑璉祇瞷フ盚ネ颠颠捣盚ネ盚颠捣ずだネ蘒竟(琡催)睱脚︹匆次瑅冰┪耭耤40 - 90 X 30 - 60mだネ蘒睱脚︹虫璏蛾旦┪
5 - 10 ⊙ 2.5 - 3.8m 皑筧力覆靛蚌緄膀セ颠颠捣ネ絯篊秖玻蘒
[闽龄粂] 愚ěフ痜颠フ盚ネ颠
Table 1. Investigation of hyperparasitism of Ampelomyces quisqualis on
the asparagus bean powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe polygoni
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Date Location Hyperparasitism()
--------------------------------------------------------------------
5〓 7〓1990 Shikoou(匪)
100
5〓18〓1990 Tsyhtorng(踠)
0
5〓29〓1990 Chiayi (古竡)
60
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Fig. 1. Pycnidium of Ampelomyces quisqualis formed parasitically
within conidiophore of Erysiphe polygoni. bar = 25m.
Fig. 2. The colonies of Ampelomyces quisqualis grow on PDA medium
at 25 for 40 days.